Lens names can be complicated things. Companies often try to fit every detail of the lens into the name, resulting in a string of abbreviations. While Sigma isn't the worst offender, it tends to stack quite a few terms into the names of its lenses. In this article, we'll be breaking down terms specific to Sigma lenses so that you can more easily gather relevant features and technologies without having to be a Sigma engineer.
Lens format and series designations
While many companies list some designations at the very beginning of a lens name, Sigma keeps all of its terms after the focal length and aperture. The first acronyms refer to the lens format and, when applicable, the lens series.
DG, DC and DN
Like other companies, Sigma has specific acronyms to identify whether a lens is designed for full-frame or APS-C cameras. DG is Sigma's designation for full-frame lenses, while DC is for APS-C (often called crop sensor) cameras.
DN is Sigma's term that indicates a lens is made for mirrorless cameras. Since Sigma produces mirrorless lenses for both full-frame and APS-C cameras, you may see DN in combination with either DG or DC. However, Sigma has dropped the DN on newly released mirrorless lenses, as it is no longer developing new DSLR lenses. As a result, you won't see DN on the latest Sigma lenses, even though they are mirrorless optics.
A, C, S and I
The silver 'A' on the lens body means it's part of the Art line of Sigma lenses. Image: Sigma
Sigma also offers four specific lens series that focus on different capabilities tailored to various types of photographers. If you see an 'S' in the lens name, it means the lens is part of the Sports line, which, as you may guess, is made for documenting action such as sports and wildlife. The Spots lineup consists of telephoto and super telephoto prime and zoom lenses made to handle rough conditions. They offer shock resistance and more advanced weather sealing, along with customization opportunities through on-lens controls.
An 'A' means the lens is part of the Art line, which prioritizes optical performance. These lenses typically feature fast apertures and are available in both prime and zoom lens formats. Sigma says that the Art line is for those who want creative outcomes over compactness and multifunction, so they aren't as compact or lightweight as its other lens lineups.
The 'C' stands for Contemporary, which prioritizes portability and convenience. The Contemporary lineup consists of a mix of prime and zoom lenses, covering just about every focal length. However, in every format, the focus remains on keeping the lenses compact and lightweight. As a result, they are ideal for travel, casual snapshots and other similar applications.
I series lenses come in both black and silver. Image: Sigma
Lastly, the I series is the company's smallest lens lineup, consisting of just nine lenses at the time of writing. It functions as a subset of the Contemporary lineup. Like the Contemporary line, the I series is a collection of compact, mid-price, medium-fast aperture lenses. However, it differs from the broader Contemporary lineup because all the I series lenses are primes designed for full-frame mirrorless cameras. They also all feature metal construction, manual aperture rings and high-end build quality. The lenses offer retro looks and come in both silver (to match the silver Sigma BF) and black.
Lens features and autofocus
While not always in the lens name, Sigma also has some specific terms related to autofocus and other lens features.
OS
The Sigma 70-200mm f/2.8 DG DN OS Sports lens offers optical stabilization, as indicated by the 'OS' in the name and on the lens. Image: Sigma
OS, which stands for Optical Stabilizer, is Sigma's optical stabilization technology. As with any stabilization feature, it aims to reduce blur associated with the motion of the camera. It helps obtain sharper images when using slower shutter speeds, which is especially helpful on telephoto lenses and when working in low-light conditions.
HSM and HLA
If you see 'HSM' in a Sigma lens name or description, it indicates that the lens uses the company's patented Hyper Sonic Motor for autofocus. This motor, as the name suggests, is an ultrasonic-type autofocus motor, which results in fast, quiet and accurate autofocus. It's commonly found in many of Sigma's Art, Sports and Contemporary lenses.
The Sigma 'HLA,' or High-response Linear Actuator, is its newest autofocus motor. It allows for faster autofocus performance, with more responsive subject acquisition and tracking to keep up with modern mirrorless cameras.
Lens technology
Finally, Sigma uses some proprietary lens elements that you may see mentioned in lens descriptions. Its FLD (F Low Dispersion) element mimics fluorite elements (which is what the 'F' stands for), though it is less expensive. Sigma says it is the "highest level low dispersion glass available," and it offers extra control of chromatic aberrations.
ELD (Extraordinary Low Dispersion) is another type of glass element that reduces chromatic aberrations for better clarity and color fidelity even in challenging lighting conditions. Finally, the oldest of the bunch: SLD (Special Low Dispersion). This element is yet another that reduces optical aberrations. It was first introduced on the Sigma 50-200mm F3.5-4.5 in 1984.
Malikie is suing Canon over Wi-Fi in cameras and printers. Here is the recap of the Malikie Innovations v. Canon Patent lawsuit:
Overview In mid-November 2025, Irish patent-holding company Malikie Innovations Ltd. (along with its investment partner and beneficiary Key Patent Innovations Ltd.) filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Canon Inc. and its U.S. subsidiary Canon USA Inc.. The case accuses Canon of using Wi-Fi-related technologies in its products without a license. These patents originated from BlackBerry Ltd., which sold a large portfolio of wireless communication patents to Malikie in 2023 as part of a deal worth up to $900 million.
Filing Details
Date filed: November 12, 2025
Court: U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas (Waco division, a popular venue for patent cases)
Case number: 1:25-cv-01826
Patents Asserted (all formerly owned by BlackBerry):
U.S. Patent No. 7,747,934
U.S. Patent No. 9,218,434
U.S. Patent No. 10,484,870
U.S. Patent No. 10,003,730
U.S. Patent No. 9,143,323 (The article mentions “half a dozen,” but sources consistently list five; the complaint may clarify six total.)
These patents generally cover aspects of wireless communication protocols, such as how devices connect to Wi-Fi networks, share data wirelessly (e.g., photos from a camera to a phone), and related functionalities in client-server Wi-Fi setups.
Accused Products
Canon’s digital cameras with built-in Wi-Fi (e.g., models that allow wireless image transfer)
Wi-Fi-enabled printers
Canon’s mobile apps (e.g., Canon Camera Connect app) that facilitate wireless connections
The core allegation is that these products infringe by implementing standard Wi-Fi features for networking, file transfer, and remote control — features now common in most modern cameras and printers.
Background and Pre-Lawsuit Efforts Malikie first contacted Canon in March 2024 to offer a license for its Wi-Fi patent portfolio. Despite multiple letters, emails, and requests for meetings over the following 18+ months, no licensing agreement was reached, leading to the lawsuit.
Relief Sought As is standard in these cases, Malikie is seeking:
Monetary damages (including potentially enhanced damages for willful infringement)
A permanent injunction (though rarely granted in patent cases post-eBay)
Attorneys’ fees and costs
Current Status (as of November 19, 2025) The lawsuit is brand new — filed just one week ago. Canon has not yet publicly responded or filed an answer. No hearings or rulings have occurred yet. Given the venue and the nature of the claims, the case could take 1–3 years to resolve, potentially ending in a settlement (common in patent litigation involving former BlackBerry patents).
Context on Malikie Malikie is not a practicing company but a patent assertion entity (often called a “non-practicing entity” or NPE) focused on monetizing the old BlackBerry wireless patent portfolio. It has filed similar Wi-Fi and wireless communication lawsuits against companies like Nintendo, Acer, Toast, Vantiva, and others in 2024–2025. Some of Malikie’s patents have faced challenges (e.g., ex parte reexaminations by groups like Unified Patents questioning validity), but none directly affect this Canon case yet.
In short: This is a fresh patent troll-style suit targeting standard Wi-Fi implementation in Canon’s imaging products. It likely won’t immediately impact consumers or product availability, but it adds to the ongoing wave of litigation around legacy BlackBerry wireless patents. If you’re a Canon user, no immediate action is needed — these cases rarely disrupt the market directly.
The Q3 Monochrom is an updated version of the Q2 Monochrom based, as the name implies, on the newer Q3 camera. This means it has the same lens as the Q2 but with the excellent 61MP BSI CMOS sensor and Maestro IV processor from the newer camera, bringing features such as perspective correction.
However, unlike the color Q3, it does not gain phase-detection AF, instead relying on contrast detection (presumably the version of Panasonic's Depth-from-Defocus) system that Leica used for some years.
New interface
The Q3 Mono also gains the updated interface from the SL3 cameras, which separates stills and video features into red and yellow-accented displays, switched between by swiping left and right on the settings display screen.
Leica says that, in addition to the reworked display logic, every single icon on the camera has been redesigned. The updated interface will be available for Leica Q3 and Leica Q3 43 users via a free firmware update, shortly.
Content credentials
The Q3 Monochrom also joins the list of Leica cameras that can embed CAI Content Credentials in its images. Leica's implementation relies on specific hardware, so this feature will not be extended to existing Q3 and Q3 43 owners.
Why B&W?
From a technical perspective, there are a couple of benefits to using a camera with no color filter array, assuming you're not interested in capturing color. The first is that, because you're not demosaicing to interpolate the missing colors at each pixel location, you aren't softening your output.
A monochrome camera makes you think in terms of light and shade, rather than color. If anything, this shot would have be overwhelming and confused in color, and probably more objectionably noisy.
The absence of a filter sapping around a stop of light also means the Q3 Mono should prove a stop less noisy and have a stop's improved tonal quality at every ISO (with the caveat that the standard Q3's base ISO is a stop lower, so in good light, it'll catch up, if you can give it enough light). On top of this, many people find noise less distracting if it's rendered as the wrong brightness, rather than the wrong color, so the perceived advantage is likely to be even more than a stop, in low light.
There's no safety net on a mono camera
However, along with these benefits comes an increased exposure challenge. The ability to recover the highlights comes primarily from the fact that a camera with a CFA's color channels don't all clip at the same point, so there's often enough further information about brightness being captured above what appears to be the clipping point, in the Raws. This lets you reconstruct and approximate the detail in the highlights, well beyond the point that you can capture accurate color. There's no such safety net on a mono camera: if an area is clipped, then there's no way for processing software to tell what's 'just' clipped from what's spectacularly clipped: it's just unrecoverably white.
The temptation is to err on the side of underexposure and cut into that one-stop advantage.
How it compares:
When Leica launched the original Q2 Monochrom back in 2019, there was no direct competition, as Leica was the only major brand making black and white cameras. Since then, Ricoh has joined the fray with its Pentax K-3 III Monochrome and the forthcoming GR IV Monochrome. The GR IV makes an interesting comparison to the Leica. It uses a smaller sensor and has a slower lens, so it's not going to compete for peak image quality, but it's a lot smaller and, we have to assume, a lot less expensive. We've included the details we know so far and those we can infer from the specs of the color GR IV.
In many respects, the Leica Q3 remains peerless; it's a substantial upgrade over the Q2, primarily by dint of a much better sensor. We can't know exactly how much better the image quality of the Q3 Monochrome will be than that of the as-yet-unreleased Ricoh GR IV Monochrome but given the fact that the Ricoh is being built around a sensor that uses the same pixels on a chip with 42% of the light-capturing area, we can make an estimate with pretty high precision. We can also get a very good idea of the impact of the slower maximum aperture.
As is so often the case with Leica products, if you want what the Q3 Mono offers, then this is pretty much the only option available.
Body and handling
The camera's primary exposure settings are controlled via a dedicated aperture ring around the front of the lens and a shutter speed dial on the top plate. There's also a command dial on the camera's rear right shoulder that lets you adjust exposure compensation or ISO, or fine-tune the shutter speed.
The body is an exact match for the Q3, with the same solid-feeling build and IP52 environmental sealing rating. The only difference is the word Monochrom embossed in the top plate and the complete absence of color on the body.
As with the Q3, the camera is environmentally sealed to the point of earning an IP52 rating. This isn't especially strenuous but means that there should be limited dust ingress, to a degree that shouldn't interfere with operation and that it can withstand water droplets falling on the camera at up to 15 degree angles from vertical. This isn't much, but the fact that it's been designed and built to repeatably withstand such a test is more of a commitment than you get from most cameras.
The Q3 Monochrom has a 5.76M dot viewfinder and a tilt up/down rear touchscreen. Just next to the viewfinder is a diopter adjuster, which pops out when you press it. Here it's shown in its extended position.
The handling is fairly straightforward with a dedicated aperture ring and shutter speed dial, each of which has an auto position. There's also a customizable command dial on the top rear corner, which has a function button at its center. This gives direct access to the camera's principle exposure parameters, fairly easily.
There's a thumb rest on the camera's focus ring that has a tiny button on its edge, which engages and disengages manual focus mode. The lens is focus-by-wire but has a linear response and a distance scale, so it gives a very good impression of a physically connected focus ring. Set behind this is a ring that shunts the lens between its standard focus range (0.3m – Infinity) and the camera's Macro range (0.17m – 0.3m).
A ring next to the camera's body lets you shift the lens into its Macro range.
Press the menu button and you get a settings display that you can touch to change any of the camera's core settings. Swipe left and the display switches to a yellow-accented version that shows the video settings. Hit Menu again and you enter the short, well-organized camera menu. It's not dramatically different to the version in the existing Q3 and Q3 43 but it's that bit cleaner and neater. We'd definitely advise users of those cameras to update their firmware when this version of the UI becomes available.
Battery
The base of the battery forms the bottom of the camera, rather than sitting behind a door. The sliver lever to its left releases the first of two catches to eject the battery.
The camera's battery embeds into its baseplate and is released with a large silver lever. Once you've pushed the lever, you have to then push the battery in a little to release a second catch within the body.
The BP-SCL6 battery is a relatively large 16Wh unit from which the camera delivers a battery life of 350 shots per charge. These numbers always significantly understate the amount of shots most people will actually get, and a rating of 350 shots per charge is pretty solid for a day's committed shooting. It can be recharged over the USB slot on the camera's slide.
Initial assessment
A compact camera with a prime lens is something of a niche proposition. Add to that Leica's premium pricing, and that niche becomes smaller still. Take the color filter away, and its appeal narrows to the point that you wonder whether the company already knows the photographers and collectors who'll buy one by name.
I like shooting with prime lens cameras, but tend more towards normal lenses than wide angles. So the prospect of shooting a wide-angle camera with added restrictions was daunting, to say the least. In practice, I found the challenge fascinating.
Autumn has well and truly molded Seattle to its fleeting fashion, leaves red and golden, glistening in low, stark sunshine between the rain and wind storms that will sweep us on into winter, all too soon. In those breaks in the cloud, some of the color is spectacular, and of no interest whatsoever to a monochrome camera.
At I first I wandered through this scene, constantly frustrated that the Q3 Mono couldn't see any of the things I saw to capture. But, just as the restriction of a single focal length makes you see the world through its specific lens, so the inability to capture color forced me to focus instead on light and shade.
The downside of the camera embedding Content Credentials is you might inadvertently credit your photos to the previous user of the camera.
Of course, it didn't suddenly make me an expert black and white photographer in the handful of days during which I had the camera and the sky wasn't just overcast, but it was enough to make me recognize what the Q3 Monochrom is for.
There are a couple of technical benefits to the lack of a color filter (sharper images and better quality when you're light-limited), but for me, the strongest case for the Q3 Mono is the creative restriction. And, just as I argued a camera with a fixed prime is not the same thing as an ILC with a prime lens on it, I'll argue vehemently that a mono camera isn't the same as switching your existing camera to black and white mode, even if you put the technical benefits to one side. There's a difference between seeing a colorful autumnal scene and knowing in the back of your mind that you could just shoot it in color, and knowing that you have to move on, because your camera is literally incapable of capturing it.
As ever, Leica's pricing seems to defy rational analysis (that's arguably partly by intent), so it's senseless to ask whether the Q3 Mono is 'worth it.' No, of course it's not. Unless, for you, it is. For the rest of us, it's quite exciting to know that the smaller, much more affordable Ricoh GR IV Monochrome is on its way. It won't come close to the Leica in terms of image quality or, perhaps, desirability, but it'll let more of us explore the fascinating restrictions of black and white digital.
Sample gallery
Please do not reproduce any of these images on a website or any newsletter/magazine without prior permission (see our copyright page). We make the originals available for private users to download to their own machines for personal examination or printing (in conjunction with this review); we do so in good faith, so please don't abuse it.
Sample gallery
This widget is not optimized for RSS feed readers. Click here to open it in a new browser window / tab.
Peak Design has announced that its Pro line of tripods is now available for sale, following a Kickstarter campaign in June, which raised around $4.6 million. The tripods build upon the company's well-regarded Travel Tripod, but are made to hold more gear and to be more capable for videographers.
There are three models: the Pro Lite, Pro and Pro Tall, with maximum heights of 162.5cm (64.0"), 168.4cm (66.3") and 197.4cm (77.7"), respectively. The two larger models can carry payloads of up to 18.1kg (40lb), while the Lite model can hold 15.9kg (35lb).
Compared to the Travel Tripod, the Pro tripod's biggest upgrade is the ball head. While it's not as compact, it has an automatic locking mechanism, as well as a secondary lock to keep you from accidentally ejecting your camera. It also has a fluid mechanism for getting smooth, steady pans.
The Pro Tripod with the Tilt Mod. Photo: Mitchell Clark
There are also several accessories for the Pro Tripods, but the most interesting is the Tilt Mod. Like its name implies, it adds a fluid tilting mechanism; combine it with the tripod, and you get something close to the tilt/pan models videographers generally choose.
As with many of Peak Design's products, none of this comes cheap. The Pro Lite costs $799, with the Pro and Pro Tall going for $899 and $999. The Tilt Mod costs $149 on top of that. The company says it's offering 5% off the tripods and their accessories until December 1st as part of its Black Friday sale (though the discounts on its other products are more substantial).
If you want to read more about the Pro Tripods, you can check out the article we wrote when they were initially announced.
Buying used camera equipment can be a great way to save money while still expanding your creative toolkit. After all, used cameras and lenses are typically much less expensive than their new counterparts. It can be intimidating to shop for used gear, though, as there are certainly risks involved. However, by taking some precautions and educating yourself, you can make wise online purchases to better protect yourself.
Online purchases
For most of us, online sources are the primary (if not only) option for buying used gear. Shopping used online certainly adds a layer of convenience, but it can make vetting the piece of equipment more challenging and comes with its own set of risks. To help protect yourself, there are several things to look out for when shopping for used camera gear online.
First and foremost, while there are countless platforms for buying used gear out there, not all are created equal. Some offer more protection for the buyer than others, which is especially important if you're paying for an expensive piece of equipment like a camera or lens. You don't want your order to arrive only to discover that the camera isn't in working order or otherwise not as advertised, with no option to get your money back.
Whenever possible, it's best to order from reputable sites.
Whenever possible, it's best to order from reputable sites that offer some form of buyer protection. MPB, for example, offers a 6-month warranty for equipment purchased through its site, along with a 14-day return policy. KEH offers a 180-day warranty covering defects and a 21-day return policy. These types of sites also photograph the actual piece of gear you are buying, instead of using generic stock imagery.
eBay also offers some protection through its Money Back Guarantee policy. It outlines that buyers can get their money back if an item didn't arrive, is faulty or damaged, or doesn't match the listing. Sites that offer such policies give you a layer of protection in case something isn't right after your purchase.
Buying peer-to-peer
DPReview has a forum for buying and selling gear.
There are times when buying from dedicated reseller websites isn't an option, though. Marketplaces like Facebook Marketplace and Craigslist can still offer worthy purchases. Additionally, DPReview’s For Sale and Wanted forum provides space for individuals to list used equipment. While these sites can offer good deals, it’s crucial to remember that transactions are not covered by specific buyer protection or warranties. As a result, it's essential to thoroughly vet the listing to avoid potential scams.
Start by researching the typical price of the item you are considering. If the price on a particular listing is far below that, it may be a sign that it's too good to be true and there's something nefarious at play.
Depending on the site, you may also be able to research the seller by checking their profile or selling history. If their account lacks a profile picture or history, it could be a fake or spam account, and it's best to move on. Opt for sellers who have a proven track record and good feedback. It's also a red flag if the seller wants communication to happen somewhere other than the platform where the listing is. If they want you to reach out to WhatsApp or some other way, proceed with caution (if at all).
Opt for sellers who have a proven track record and good feedback.
When possible, ask for additional images or videos, especially for high-ticket items. That can help verify that they have the product in hand, and it isn't just a fake listing. It's also smart to ask clarifying questions if any part of the listing is vague, such as simply stating a camera is in "good shape."
There are also some general payment aspects to consider. If the seller asks for a deposit before you receive the item, that's generally not a good sign, and you should keep looking. Avoid any seller that requests payment through wire transfer, gift cards or 'friends and family' payment options, as those don't offer recourse for recovery should something not work out. Whenever possible, pay with a credit card, which allows you to dispute the charge, or something like PayPal, which offers some purchase protection.
Finally, trust your gut. If the seller seems pushy, evasive to certain questions, or something just feels off, your best bet is to keep looking elsewhere.
Visual inspections
Always perform a thorough visual inspection, even if it's after you order something. Photo: NickyLloyd / iStock / Getty Images Plus via Getty Images
Getting to assess a used piece of gear in person is always ideal. That way, you can visually inspect the item and see for yourself what its condition is, rather than relying on photos and descriptions. Even if you purchased something online, giving it a thorough inspection as soon as it arrives is best. You want to catch any inconsistencies or potential issues as soon as possible, as otherwise you may not have any recourse should something be amiss.
Whether you're buying a camera or lens, it's smart to bring either a compatible body or lens that you already own (or can borrow) so that you can do some testing. You'll also want to have a memory card with you, and some way to view those files on the spot. It's worth asking the seller about the history of the item, and if they have any receipts, have had it serviced and what accessories come with it. Always take your time and feel free to walk away if anything seems off.
How to inspect cameras
This type of damage is obvious, but don't forget to look through the viewfinder for more subtle issues when buying a used camera. Photo: Boy_Anupong / Moment via Getty Images
If you are able to have some hands-on time with the item, start with a general once-over to check for scratches, dents and other signs of abuse. Make sure that all port doors close, latches catch where they should and so on. Some dents and scratches are fine, but others could seriously impact the functionality or be a sign that something else is broken beneath the surface.
After an exterior inspection, take a look at the sensor (and mirror in the case of SLRs and DSLRs). Inspect carefully for any scratches or damage. If possible, take a photo of a plain background (a white wall, blue sky, etc.) at a small aperture and inspect for any dust spots or sensor defects. While sensors can be cleaned of dust and certain types of smudges, there could be more significant damage going on that's not fixable.
There could be more significant damage going on that's not fixable.
It's also important to check the battery, battery compartment and all other electronic ports for any corrosion, residue, or damaged contacts. Press all the buttons, dials and switches to check for responsiveness, and to make sure they don't stick. Examine the viewfinder and rear display for potential dead pixels, lines and other issues, and if it's a flip-out display, make sure it moves as expected.
Checking the shutter is also crucial. Fire the shutter at various speeds and listen carefully for any unusual sounds or potential timing issues. This is also a good time to check that the autofocus works as expected. Finally, if possible, check the number of shutter actuations. Lower counts are better.
How to inspect lenses
Photo: Luen Wantisud / iStock / Getty Images Plus via Getty Images
Like cameras, you should first check the lens you're looking at for obvious scratches and dents. That includes checking the lens mount to verify it's free from corrosion and dents, and examining the front filter thread for dents or cross-threading.
Shining a flashlight through the lens can help you identify if there are any signs of scratches, chips, haze, fungus or dirt inside the lens. Small amounts of dust aren't a deal breaker, but if you spot signs of fungus, that signals deeper issues.
If possible, change the aperture (either via an aperture ring on the lens or with a camera) to make sure it moves smoothly. Rotate the zoom (when applicable) and focus rings to ensure those also move smoothly without any odd grinding or catches. If you are able to connect the lens to a compatible camera, check that the autofocus works. It's also important to verify that any switches or buttons on the lens body perform as they should.
Final thoughts on buying used gear
No matter how or where you are buying used camera gear, it's always worthwhile to check what accessories come with it. Dedicated resellers typically list them, but for more general marketplaces, you may need to ask specifically. The more complete picture you can get of the condition and what comes with the gear, the better.
Buying used is typically a great opportunity to save some money while building out your kit. There are certainly risks, but by shopping smart and doing your research ahead of time, you can prevent getting caught in a bad situation.
Welcome back to our Question of the Week series! This reader-focused series aims to get our photographic community to share thoughts on all sorts of photography-related topics in our forums. We pose questions about gear, favorite camera stores, advice, problem-solving and more, and you share your thoughts and opinions.
This week, we’re leaning into the holiday spirit! The season of giving (and occasionally re-gifting) is upon us, and that means it’s time to unwrap some memories – both heartwarming and hilarious.
What are the best (and worst) photography-related gifts you've received?
What’s the best photography-related gift you’ve ever received? Maybe it was a dream lens that caused you to take on an adventure deep in the mountains, or a handmade camera strap that’s now an essential part of your kit. And what about the worst? Perhaps someone thought you needed yet another "World’s Best Photographer" mug, or that odd lens filter set that turned every photo a shade of green.
In this edition of our Question of the Week series, we want to hear your gift stories: the memorable, the useful and the truly baffling. Share your favorites (and flops) in the forum link below. Photos of the gifts (or what you created with them) are also more than welcome! We'll highlight some of your most entertaining and heartfelt responses in next week's roundup.
Viltrox has announced that its Pro series portrait lens is now available for Nikon Z mount. The AF 85mm F1.4 Pro, which was initially released for full-frame Sony E mount earlier this year, offers a classic portrait focal length, a fast aperture, and pro-level features at a budget-friendly price.
The Z mount version of the Viltrox 85mm F1.4 Pro uses the same design as the Sony E mount model. The optical formula consists of 15 elements in 11 groups, with 3 ED, 9 HR and 1 UA elements to improve sharpness and manage aberrations. Viltrox promises pro-grade image quality from the lens, with excellent sharpness and accurate colors even in tricky lighting conditions. The lens features an 11-blade diaphragm, which Viltrox says results in "creamy bokeh."
Image: Viltrox
Viltrox built the 85mm F1.4 Pro with its Dual HyperVCM autofocus system. It promises fast, silent and precise autofocus that's compatible with face and eye detection and subject tracking. The lens can focus as close as 0.79m (2.6').
Despite its budget-friendly price, the Viltrox lens offers numerous higher-end features. That includes metal construction with a dust and splash-resistant design to protect the lens from inclement conditions. It also features a customizable Fn button, an AF/MF switch, an aperture ring and a switch to click and declick the aperture.
Like the E mount version, it uses a 77mm filter thread and features a USB-C port for firmware updates. The Z mount model is slightly heavier than the E mount counterpart, coming in at 835 grams (29.5 ounces).
National Geographic has revealed the Pictures of the Year 2025, highlighting images by Nat Geo photographers that inspired and defined the past year. This year's showcase features 25 images that cover the full spectrum of National Geographic coverage. It consists of wildlife portraits and human narratives to sweeping composites of changing landscapes and scientific discoveries.
The top 25 images were selected from hundreds of thousands of images captured in the field this year across more than 20 countries. The collection includes groundbreaking moments, such as the first underwater photograph of a great white shark in Maine, the precise moment an egg transforms into a chick. It also contains images that show the largest religious gathering in the world, the last Indigenous people of Europe, the largest land migration documented by drone, a new benchmark record set for a nuclear tokamak reactor and more.
"PICTURES OF THE YEAR is a project that is always inspiring and thought-provoking," said Nathan Lump, editor-in-chief of National Geographic. "Each year, our photographers and editors sift through thousands of images, searching for those rare moments that stop us in our tracks. Individually, these photographs speak to beauty, fragility, and wonder. Taken together, I see a collective sense of urgency — a call to preserve what’s in danger of being lost, as well as a reminder of the poetic beauty to be found in carrying on, in daring to dream of a better future."
You can see the full selection at natgeo.com/photos and in the December 2025 issue of National Geographic, which includes behind-the-scenes anecdotes.
Great white
Photographer: Brian Skerry
Caption: Photographer Brian Skerry has been chronicling marine life for decades, but this is his first picture of a great white shark off the coast of Maine, where he encountered one from four feet away. Sightings of sharks like this 10-footer are increasing from Cape Cod to Nova Scotia, due in part to the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, which allowed seal populations to rebound.
Transformation
Photographer: Anand Varma
Caption: For years, photographer Anand Varma has attempted to document when an egg yolk can still be seen but a bird form has clearly emerged. He experimented by incubating embryos in artificial shells before finally capturing the transformation at 12 days old. Varma separately raised some embryos to chicks, which he donated to people in the community.
King Mwene Chivueka VI
Photographer: Jasper Doest
Caption: In the misty highlands of Angola, entry to one of southern Africa's least studied ecosystems is controlled by King Mwene Chivueka VI, leader of the Luchazi people. For generations, his community has venerated an elusive herd of elephants native to the area—which outside scientists have only recently begun tracking, with the king's permission.
Nuclear fusion
Photographer: Paolo Verzone
Caption: With an eye toward solving the global energy crisis, scientists are developing powerful nuclear fusion devices called stellarators. This model was created at a German lab where international researchers built a much larger one that generated an astonishing 54 million-degree-Fahrenheit reaction. For a record-breaking 43 seconds, it was the hottest entity in the entire solar system—including the sun's center.
Day to Night
Photographer: Stephen Wilkes
Caption: Over the course of one action-packed day, photographer Stephen Wilkes watched animals charge toward a meager water hole at the height of extreme drought in Botswana's Okavango Delta. Elephants flared their ears. The legs of antelope and zebras splayed in a mad dash. One hippo dipped its head to charge an elephant calf, while another opened its mighty mouth in an intimidating display. Wilkes applied his signature Day to Night technique, in which he takes as many as 1,500 pictures from one vantage point over the course of 18 to 36 hours, seamlessly layering the 50 or so best moments to create a final image.
National Geographic has revealed the Pictures of the Year 2025, highlighting images by Nat Geo photographers that inspired and defined the past year. This year's showcase features 25 images that cover the full spectrum of National Geographic coverage. It consists of wildlife portraits and human narratives to sweeping composites of changing landscapes and scientific discoveries.
The top 25 images were selected from hundreds of thousands of images captured in the field this year across more than 20 countries. The collection includes groundbreaking moments, such as the first underwater photograph of a great white shark in Maine, the precise moment an egg transforms into a chick. It also contains images that show the largest religious gathering in the world, the last Indigenous people of Europe, the largest land migration documented by drone, a new benchmark record set for a nuclear tokamak reactor and more.
"PICTURES OF THE YEAR is a project that is always inspiring and thought-provoking," said Nathan Lump, editor-in-chief of National Geographic. "Each year, our photographers and editors sift through thousands of images, searching for those rare moments that stop us in our tracks. Individually, these photographs speak to beauty, fragility, and wonder. Taken together, I see a collective sense of urgency — a call to preserve what’s in danger of being lost, as well as a reminder of the poetic beauty to be found in carrying on, in daring to dream of a better future."
You can see the full selection at natgeo.com/photos and in the December 2025 issue of National Geographic, which includes behind-the-scenes anecdotes.
Great white
Photographer: Brian Skerry
Caption: Photographer Brian Skerry has been chronicling marine life for decades, but this is his first picture of a great white shark off the coast of Maine, where he encountered one from four feet away. Sightings of sharks like this 10-footer are increasing from Cape Cod to Nova Scotia, due in part to the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, which allowed seal populations to rebound.
Transformation
Photographer: Anand Varma
Caption: For years, photographer Anand Varma has attempted to document when an egg yolk can still be seen but a bird form has clearly emerged. He experimented by incubating embryos in artificial shells before finally capturing the transformation at 12 days old. Varma separately raised some embryos to chicks, which he donated to people in the community.
King Mwene Chivueka VI
Photographer: Jasper Doest
Caption: In the misty highlands of Angola, entry to one of southern Africa's least studied ecosystems is controlled by King Mwene Chivueka VI, leader of the Luchazi people. For generations, his community has venerated an elusive herd of elephants native to the area—which outside scientists have only recently begun tracking, with the king's permission.
Nuclear fusion
Photographer: Paolo Verzone
Caption: With an eye toward solving the global energy crisis, scientists are developing powerful nuclear fusion devices called stellarators. This model was created at a German lab where international researchers built a much larger one that generated an astonishing 54 million-degree-Fahrenheit reaction. For a record-breaking 43 seconds, it was the hottest entity in the entire solar system—including the sun's center.
Day to Night
Photographer: Stephen Wilkes
Caption: Over the course of one action-packed day, photographer Stephen Wilkes watched animals charge toward a meager water hole at the height of extreme drought in Botswana's Okavango Delta. Elephants flared their ears. The legs of antelope and zebras splayed in a mad dash. One hippo dipped its head to charge an elephant calf, while another opened its mighty mouth in an intimidating display. Wilkes applied his signature Day to Night technique, in which he takes as many as 1,500 pictures from one vantage point over the course of 18 to 36 hours, seamlessly layering the 50 or so best moments to create a final image.
Connexion
